We’re hearing more and more about terpenes, the compoundsfound in the hemp plant —also known as cannabis. While they’re responsible for the aromatic profile of cannabis flowers, terpenes play much more complex roles when combined with CBD.
What are terpenes?
Terpenes are natural molecules found in abundance in tree resin, as well as in plants and fruits. They are also found in the cannabis plant, particularly in the flowers and buds. Terpenes are secreted by the same glands that produce CBD and THC. They are responsible for the scents and aromas emitted by plants and for the flavors of fruits. They are also one of the main components of essential oils.
While terpenes certainly have an olfactory effect, they also play a role in the plant’s survival by preventing it from being eaten by pests while remaining attractive to pollinating insects.
Terpenes are essential components of cannabis: they are responsible for the different aroma profiles of the flowers and for cannabis’s distinctive scent. There are reportedly more than a hundred different terpenes in hemp plants alone, giving each variety a unique terpene profile. In fact, the combination of terpenes differs from one cannabis strain to another, which explains the differences in flavor that can be detected among different flowers.
But beyond their aromatic effects, terpenes also help our bodies absorb CBD more effectively. In fact, they work synergistically withthe cannabinoids (including CBD) found in cannabis, optimizing their absorption and, therefore, their effects on our bodies. This is known as the entourage effect.
As with essential oils, some terpenes are more potent than others and will have a greater or lesser effect depending on the individual.
The Benefits of Hemp's Main Terpenes
There are more than 150 different terpenes found in cannabis. It’s therefore impossible to list them all, but here are the terpenes most commonly found in hemp flowers.
Myrcene, the signature aroma of cannabis
It is the most abundant terpene in the cannabis plant, as well as the best known. It is what gives the plant its characteristic earthy flavor. It also brings out hints of hops, a characteristic flavor found in beer.
Myrcene is commonly found in essential oils and, in fact, has effects similar to those of cloves.
As a result, it will have antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and pain-relieving properties, as well as relaxing and mildly sedative effects.
This terpene will also enhance the effects of CBD by improving the endocannabinoid system's absorption of its molecules.
Limonene: the terpene with fruity aromas
This is the terpene that gives CBD flowers their citrus notes. It imparts aromas of lime and orange. Limonene is also found in many essential oils, certain plants, and spices. It acts as a repellent and insecticide for the plant.
As for its effects on the body, limonene has antifungal, antibacterial, stress-relieving, and antidepressant properties, and it helps improve concentration and aid digestion. It is a terpene that promotes well-being and is highly beneficial because it enhances the effects of other terpenes.
Pinen and its woody scent
It is a terpene found primarily in conifers such as fir and pine, but also in certain aromatic plants such as sage, rosemary, and mint. Pinene has an earthy, woody scent with hints of cedar and pine.
As for its effects, it works on several levels: it reduces inflammation; it also has anticancer properties and acts as an expectorant; it is believed to have antibacterial effects and to act as a natural antidepressant.
Linalool: The Most Intense Terpene
Linalool is a terpene known for its very strong and long-lasting scent. It is also one of the most characteristic terpenes found in CBD flowers.
It gives off spicy notes of lavender.
Linalool helps you fall asleep and promotes skin regeneration when applied topically; it has antiepileptic and pain-relieving properties and promotes relaxation.
Beta-caryophyllene: A Natural Pain Reliever
It is a terpene found in many plants and spices. Beta-caryophyllene has a woody, spicy, and peppery flavor.
It is a powerful pain reliever when applied topically and has antioxidant properties.
For example, it is this terpene that gives cloves their pain-relieving properties.
Terpenes are therefore natural compounds with multiple effects that not only give hemp its aroma but also enhance the many benefits of CBD. Thus, for better absorption of CBD, choose full-spectrum products (which contain all the plant’s cannabinoids) or broad-spectrum products (all cannabinoids except THC) to benefit from the entourage effect.
