Products containing cannabidiol (CBD) have become very popular in recent years. They are said to provide relief from a wide range of ailments: from insomnia to chronic pain to epileptic seizures. Some of these claims are legitimate, while others are mere speculation. But there’s no harm in trying, right? Well, not exactly! It’s true that CBD has none of the psychoactive effects of cannabis and is therefore not harmful to health. However, like all biologically active compounds, it has certain levels and thresholds at which some people experience reactions, tolerance, and side effects. In other words, it can have unintended effects. Here are the contraindications for CBD:
CBD and Medications
Many medications are broken down by enzymes in the liver. However, CBD neutralizes or blocks these enzymes, which can result in either too much or too little of the medication in the body. Changes in concentration can, in turn, reduce the drug’s effectiveness or increase the risk of side effects. These drug interactions are generally difficult to predict but can cause unpleasant and sometimes serious problems. According to a recent study by the Pennsylvania Medical College in Hershey (USA), CBD and THC can interfere with the effects of the following 57 conventional medications:
- Conventional anticoagulants.
- Medications for depression, anxiety, and sleep
- Drugs that affect cytochrome P450 enzymes in the liver.
- Medications for hyperglycemia.
- Antiarrhythmic drugs, amiodarone.
- Thyroid medications, levothyroxine.
- Various antiepileptic drugs, including clobazam, lamotrigine, and valproic acid.
The list of medications above is by no means exhaustive and does not include all medications that may interact with CBD. However, it can be used as a starting point to identify potential drug interactions with CBD products. Additionally, researchers have found that botanical cannabinoids release cannabinoids at very different concentrations and may increase the risk of adverse drug interactions.
In fact, CBD can affect all medications that rely on the CYP450 system. A common indication of this interaction is a grapefruit warning on the medication bottle. The mechanism behind CBD’s benefits shows that it is not a biologically inactive compound. On the contrary, CBD’s pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics are complex and similar to those of all other medications. Consequently, it can affect the metabolism of certain medications.
So, if you're taking medication, it's always best to consult your doctor before incorporating cannabidiol into your daily routine.
Cannabidiol During Pregnancy and Breastfeeding
Pregnancy is a unique and particularly important time in the life of a woman and her unborn child. Despite any symptoms that may arise, no pregnant or breastfeeding woman should use CBD. In fact, some women consider using CBD to relieve various conditions, such as:
- Morning sickness or vomiting caused by morning sickness.
- Anxiety or stress.
- Sleep Problems
- Pain
However, it’s a bad idea to take CBD for any of these reasons. In fact, the FDA (Food and Drug Administration) warns consumers against using CBD during pregnancy and while breastfeeding. It can be dangerous for both the mother and the baby.
Why is it dangerous?
Although there are no clinical studies on the use of CBD in pregnant or breastfeeding women, the FDA strongly advises against its use. Experts have primarily conducted studies on animals. For example, they administered high doses of CBD to pregnant guinea pigs. They observed abnormalities in the reproductive organs of male embryos. This does not mean that the same phenomenon will occur in humans, but the FDA is concerned about this finding.
In addition, CBD-based products may also be contaminated with ingredients that are harmful to developing children and infants. Like THC, it is a chemical found in cannabis that causes people to get high. Experts recommend that all women avoid THC during pregnancy and while breastfeeding. This compound can remain in breast milk for up to six days after ingestion and may have long-term effects on the infant’s development. Furthermore, some studies have shown that THC use during pregnancy impairs the brain development of newborns and is strongly associated with preterm births.
Another concern is that cannabidiol itself may affect fetal development. According to experts, if THC is passed on to the baby through breast milk, the same is true for CBD. Studies in mice have shown that CBD can impair fetal development. Although there are no rigorous, comprehensive studies that can definitively determine whether CBD is beneficial or harmful to a newborn’s health, it’s always best to err on the side of caution. So, if you experience any discomfort during your pregnancy, always consult your doctor. There’s no need to put the infant or the mother at unnecessary risk.
CBD Use Among Minors
CBD is everywhere these days. Some people believe it can relieve everything from chronic pain to cancer, and from anxiety to ADHD (Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder). But is it safe for children? Since CBD is still a relatively new substance, there is little research on its safety and effectiveness, particularly for children.
Since there isn't much research on CBD, doctors believe there are risks associated with its use in children. For example, cannabidiol products may contain substances other than CBD that could be harmful. Furthermore, it is not yet known whether CBD is compatible with other medications or what dosage should be given to children. At this age, hormones directly affect their mental state.
At what age can you use CBD?
Although CBD has many beneficial properties for humans, it is unfortunately not suitable for children. Even though its effects on minors have not been studied, researchers believe that the risk of CBD exposure in young children is too high. They should therefore be completely excluded from this market.
In addition, the minimum age to purchase CBD in France is 18. Many experts believe this measure is justified because cannabis is often confused with CBD. This means that minors may misuse CBD in the hope of achieving the same effects as cannabis. As a result, French lawmakers want to protect minors from this substance, regardless of whether it is beneficial or not.
However, further research is needed on the short- and long-term effects of CBD on the body to determine whether laws in this area need to be changed. That said, current laws are strict, and CBD may only be consumed by adults.
CBD and Certain Medical Conditions
The World Health Organization (WHO) recognizes cannabidiol as a safe compound. However, there isn’t enough research to confirm the safety of CBD use if you have these conditions. The potential risks of CBD in heart disease are still being studied. In fact, some preliminary findings suggest that it could worsen the condition by reducing peripheral vascular resistance and exercise tolerance.
It should also be noted that CBD can be counterproductive if taken by patients with Parkinson’s disease. It could even increase muscle spasms and tremors. And like all products, CBD can cause allergic reactions. People who are allergic to Cannabis Sativa L. pollen—from which CBD is derived—should exercise caution when taking cannabidiol. Finally, CBD may lower blood pressure. If you have low blood pressure, you should avoid taking CBD, as it could worsen your condition.
In conclusion, if you experience any of the symptoms listed above, or if you are pregnant or taking medication, it is important to exercise caution. Although cannabidiol has many potential benefits, it is always important to consult a doctor.